|
The 2005 Cronulla riots were a series of sectarian clashes and mob violence in Australia, originating in the Sydney suburb of Cronulla, New South Wales, and spreading, over the next few nights, to additional suburbs. Racial tensions were already prevalent among the two racial groups due to an attack on two lifeguards, among other social incidents, which likely contributed to the scale of the escalation, even though a later review by New South Wales Police found that the initial incident was no more significant, of itself, than other fights between the two racial groups.〔 A crowd gathered on the morning of Sunday, 11 December 2005 and, by midday, approximately 5,000 people gathered at Cronulla beach to protest against the recent spate of violence against locals. However, fueled by alcohol, the crowd turned to violence when a young man of Arab appearance was spotted on the beach. He was surrounded by a crowd outside a local hotel and attacked, along with similar attacks later that day. Retaliatory riots also took place that night and on subsequent nights, resulting in extensive property damage and several more assaults, including one stabbing and even some attacks against ambulance and police officers. The attacks were widely condemned by local, state and federal members of parliament, police, local community leaders, and residents of Cronulla and adjacent areas. A large number of arrests were made over the subsequent months, from both the initial riot on 11 December and the retaliatory riots held over the subsequent nights. Travel warnings for Australia were issued by some countries but were later removed. ==Background== A distrust of indifference of young males lead to building tensions in the Sydney area. This indifference had being building since the early 1990's, culminating through a series of widely reported rapes of caucasion girls in South Western Sydney area. Consequently, this distrust was fueled by not understanding Australian philosophy, "everyone deserves a fair go". These conflicting social values, has confused many non-Australia people, because they are still caught up with their cultural tradition. Consequently, this lead to lack of respect to the Australian way of living, leading to a cultural devide and the incident at Cronulla Beach. On 4 December 2005, a group of volunteer surf lifesavers were assaulted by a group of young men of Arab appearance, with several other violent assaults occurring over the next week. These incidents were widely commented on in the Sydney media and are considered to be a key factor in a racially motivated confrontation the following weekend.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strike Force Neil, Cronulla Riots, Review of the Police Response Media Component Volume 1 of 4 )〕 New South Wales Police had been recording racial and ethnic tensions and incidents in and around Cronulla since October 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strike Force Neil, Cronulla Riots, Review of the Police Response Media Component Volume 2 of 4 )〕 There is also a history of conflict between Cronulla locals and those visiting from the Western suburbs ("Westies") with "bashings" common since the 1960s as part of a turf war between Westies and local surfies.〔Collins, Jock. 2009. "Sydney's Cronulla riots: the Context and Implications". In ''Lines in the Sand: the Cronulla Riots, Multiculturalism and National Belonging'', edited by G. Noble. Sydney: Institute of Criminology Press〕〔Shaw, Wendy. 2009. "Riotous Sydney Take Three (Cronulla): Confessions of a Beach Survivor". In ''Lines in the Sand : the Cronulla Riots, Multiculturalism and National Belonging'', edited by G. Noble. Sydney: Institute of Criminology Press〕 The previous summer, on Australia Day 26 January 2005 a non-racial riot occurred with around two to three thousand young people in the Cronulla area engaged in "civil disobedience", at one stage hurling missiles at police attempting to control the crowd.〔 Several of the youths who were arrested that day for assaulting police officers were draped in the Australian flag at the time.〔Massoud, Josh. 2005. "Police Injured in Clash". ''Daily Telegraph'' 27 January 2005 accessed: 5 July 2011〕 Just after 3pm on Sunday, 4 December 2005, police were called to North Cronulla Beach following a report of an assault on two off-duty surf lifesavers by four members of a group of eight Middle Eastern men.〔 A verbal exchange had taken place after three lifesavers approached a group of four young Lebanese men on Cronulla Beach with both groups accusing the other of staring at them. One of the Lebanese men reportedly responded to the accusations, "I'm allowed to; now fuck off and leave our beach", to which a lifesaver responded, "I come down here out of my own spare time to save you dumb cunts from drowning; now piss off, you scum".〔 The verbal exchange escalated with one Lebanese youth attempting to defuse the situation. Another then threw a punch, missing, prompting a pushing match that escalated into a fight. One of the lifesavers was badly hurt after falling and striking his head.〔 One of the lifesavers later informed police that the four were part of a group of eight Lebanese that had been on the beach most of the day and that there had been no problems with their prior behaviour. Despite media reports to the contrary, no "Middle Eastern men converged on the area" and there were no more than the original eight present.〔 One media report stated that there was already tension between the community and Lebanese youths before this event and people, particularly women, claimed to have been harassed, almost daily, by "groups of young Lebanese men" attempting to "pick them up" and describing the women as being "Aussie sluts".〔 The events were reported widely across the Sydney media, particularly on talkback radio. When a listener, Berta, commented to Alan Jones of Sydney's 2GB Radio that she had heard "really derogatory remarks" aimed at Middle Eastern people, Jones interrupted stating "We don't have Anglo-Saxon kids out there raping women in Western Sydney".〔 Jones also broadcast and endorsed one listener's suggestion that bikie gangs be brought down to Cronulla railway station to deal with "Lebanese thugs" and that the event be televised, arguing that despite their reputation bikie gangs do "a lot of good things". By Thursday, Jones had stirred significant discussion, and stated "I'm the person that's led this charge here. Nobody wanted to know about North Cronulla, now it's gathered to this." Jones was later found to have breached the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) Code of Conduct section 1.3(a), as his comments were "likely to encourage violence or brutality and to vilify people of Lebanese and Middle-Eastern backgrounds on the basis of ethnicity".〔 Police were concerned about the repercussions of these events. Later investigations revealed that over 270,000 individual text messages were transmitted inciting a racially motivated confrontation at North Cronulla Beach the following Saturday.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2005 Cronulla riots」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|